Cadfan ap Iago
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cadfan ap Iago (c. 580 – c. 625) was King of
Gwynedd (reigned c. 616 – c. 625). Little is known of the history of Gwynedd from this period, and information about Cadfan and his reign is minimal.
The historical person is known only from his appearance in royal genealogies, from his grant to
Saint Beuno for the monastery at
Clynnog Fawr, and from his inscribed gravestone.
Cadfan was the son and successor of King
Iago ap Beli, and is listed in the royal genealogies of the
Harleian genealogies and in
Jesus College MS. 20.
[1][2] Cadfan came to the throne near the time of the Battle of Chester (
Welsh: Gwaith Caerlleon) in 616, in which the
Northumbrians under
Æthelfrith decisively defeated the neighboring
Welsh Kingdom of Powys and then massacred the monks of
Bangor Is Coed. However, there is no evidence that Gwynedd had any part in the battle, so Cadfan's accession at that time appears to be no more than coincidence.
King Cadfan's gravestone in Llangadwaladr church. The inscription reads "Catamanus rex sapientisimus opinatisimus omnium regum" (English: King Cadfan, most wise and reknowned of all kings).
Cadfan's gravestone is at
Llangadwaladr (English: Cadwaladr's Church) on
Anglesey, a short distance from the ancient llys (English:
royal court) of the kings of Gwynedd, and reputed to be their royal burial ground. The inscription refers to him as sapientisimus (English: most wise), and as this term is historically used for ecclesiastics, it suggests that at some point, Cadfan had resigned as king to live out his remaining years as an
ecclesiast.
Cadfan was succeeded as king by his son,
Cadwallon ap Cadfan.
Saint Beuno
Saint Beuno and the monastery at
Clynnog Fawr are often cited in conjunction with Cadfan. An 1828 article by P. B. Williams in the The
Cymmrodorion cites a manuscript stating that a local prince named 'Gwytheint' gave Clynnog Fawr to God and Saint Beuno, who was then Abbot at the monastery at Clynnog, and that the donation was free from taxes and obligations forever. It goes on to say that Beuno founded a Convent at Clynnog in 616, and that Cadfan was Beuno's great patron, promising him extensive lands. The promise was carried out by Cadfan's son, King
Cadwallon, and that Cadwallon was given a golden sceptre worth 60 cows as a token of acknowledgment.
[6] A consistent version is given in W. J. Rees' 1853 Lives of the Cambro-British Saints
[7] (Rees' was the editor of the 1828Cymmrodorion that published P. B. Williams' account).
There are minor variations of these accounts, sometimes with the details rearranged, such as in Rice Rees' 1836 Essay on the Welsh Saints, where he says that Cadfan (rather than his son Cadwallon) was given the golden sceptre by Beuno.
[8]Geoffrey of Monmouth
The largely fictional stories of ancient Britain written by
Geoffrey of Monmouth use the names of many historical personages as characters, and the use of these names is a literary convenience made in order to advance the plot of Geoffrey's stories. One of these stories uses the names of Cadfan and other contemporary people, telling of how a certain Edwin spent his exiled youth at the court of King Cadfan, growing up alongside Cadfan's son, the future King Cadwallon. There is no historical basis for this story, as is readily acknowledged in the preface of works on the subject.
[9]Nevertheless, a "traditional" story arose blending Geoffrey's fiction with known history, implying that the future King
Edwin of Northumbria had actually spent his youth at the court of King Cadfan, growing up alongside Cadfan's son, the future King Cadwallon. In point of fact, Cadwallon and Edwin were enemies with no known youthful connections: King Edwin invaded Gwynedd and drove King Cadwallon into exile, and it would be Cadwallon, in alliance with
Penda of Mercia, who would ultimately defeat and at kill Edwin in 633 at the
Battle of Hatfield Chase (
Welsh: Gwaith Meigen). The story that they had spent an idyllic youth together may have had a romantic appeal.
What is known from history is that in 588 King
Ælla of Deira died, and
Æthelfrith of Bernicia took the opportunity to invade and conquer
Deira, driving Ælla 's 3-year old infant son, the future Edwin of Northumbria, into exile. Edwin would eventually ally himself with
Rædwald of East Anglia in 616, defeating and killing Æthelfrith and becoming one of
Northumbria's most successful kings. Edwin's life in exile is unknown, and there is no historical basis for placing him at the court of King Cadfan.
[10]-------------
Father: Iago Ap BELI (AFN:QL4T-9D)
Mother:
1. Sex Name
F Efeilian Verch CADFAN (AFN:QPHC-SD)
Born: Abt 0589 Place: Of, , Wales
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2. Sex Name
M Cadwallon Ap CADFAN (AFN:HPGD-2D)
Born: Abt 0591 Place: Of, , , Wales
Died: 635 Place:
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3. Sex Name
F Miss Verch CADFAN (AFN:QPHC-VQ)
Born: Abt 0593 Place: Of, , , Wales
Cadfan ap Iago