Alfonso VIII b. 1155
d. Oct. 6, 1214, Burgos, Castilebyname EL DE LAS NAVAS (SPANISH: HE OF LAS NAVAS), king of Castile from 1158, son of Sancho III, whom he succeeded when three years old.
Before Alfonso came of age his reign was troubled by internal strife and the intervention of the kingdom of Navarre in Castilian affairs. Throughout his reign he maintained a close alliance with the kingdom of Aragon, and in 1179 he concluded the Pact of Cazorla, which settled the future line of demarcation between Castile and Aragon when the reconquest of Moorish Spain was completed. From 1172 to 1212 he was engaged in resistance to the Moorish Almohad invaders, who defeated him in 1195. In the same year the kings of Leon and Navarre invaded Castile, but Alfonso defeated them with the aid of King Peter II of Aragon. In 1212 Alfonso secured a great victory at Las Navas de Tolosa over the Almohad sultan and thereby broke Almohad power in Spain.
Alfonso VIII (11 November 1155 – 5 October 1214), called
the Noble or
el de las Navas, was the
King of Castile from 1158 to his death and
King of Toledo.
He is most remembered for his part in the
Reconquista and the downfall of the
Almohad Caliphate. After having suffered a great defeat with his own army at
Alarcos against the Almohads, he led the coalition of Christian princes and foreign crusaders who broke the power of the Almohads in the
Battle of the Navas de Tolosa in 1212, an event which marked the arrival of a tide of Christian supremacy on the
Iberian peninsula.
His reign saw the domination of
Castile over
León and, by his alliance with Aragon, he drew those two spheres of Christian Iberia into close connection.